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<title>[55657] trunk: Users: Cache database queries within `WP_User_Query` class.</title>
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<dt style="float: left; width: 6em; font-weight: bold">Revision</dt> <dd><a style="font-weight: bold" href="https://core.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/55657">55657</a><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"EmailMessage","description":"Review this Commit","action":{"@type":"ViewAction","url":"https://core.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/55657","name":"Review Commit"}}</script></dd>
<dt style="float: left; width: 6em; font-weight: bold">Author</dt> <dd>spacedmonkey</dd>
<dt style="float: left; width: 6em; font-weight: bold">Date</dt> <dd>2023-04-18 11:48:46 +0000 (Tue, 18 Apr 2023)</dd>
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<pre style='padding-left: 1em; margin: 2em 0; border-left: 2px solid #ccc; line-height: 1.25; font-size: 105%; font-family: sans-serif'>Users: Cache database queries within `WP_User_Query` class.

Cache the results of database queries within `WP_User_Query` class. Only cache queries that are requesting 3 or less fields so that caches are not storing full user objects. Cache results are stored in a new global cache group named `users-queries`. Add a new parameter to `WP_User_Query` called `cache_results` to allow developers to opt out of a receiving cached results. `cache_results` parameter defaults to true. Also add a new helper function called `wp_cache_set_users_last_changed`, similar to `wp_cache_set_posts_last_changed` that incroments last changed value in cache group `users`.  Ensure that `wp_cache_set_users_last_changed` is called whenever user / user meta is modified for proper cache invalidation. 

Props johnjamesjacoby, spacedmonkey, westi, dd32, strategio, srikanthmeenakshi, OllieJones, khoipro, rjasdfiii, flixos90, mukesh27, peterwilsoncc. 
Fixes <a href="https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/40613">#40613</a>.</pre>

<h3>Modified Paths</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#trunksrcwpincludesclasswpuserqueryphp">trunk/src/wp-includes/class-wp-user-query.php</a></li>
<li><a href="#trunksrcwpincludesdefaultfiltersphp">trunk/src/wp-includes/default-filters.php</a></li>
<li><a href="#trunksrcwpincludesloadphp">trunk/src/wp-includes/load.php</a></li>
<li><a href="#trunksrcwpincludesmsblogsphp">trunk/src/wp-includes/ms-blogs.php</a></li>
<li><a href="#trunksrcwpincludesmsfunctionsphp">trunk/src/wp-includes/ms-functions.php</a></li>
<li><a href="#trunksrcwpincludesuserphp">trunk/src/wp-includes/user.php</a></li>
<li><a href="#trunktestsphpunitincludesabstracttestcasephp">trunk/tests/phpunit/includes/abstract-testcase.php</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>Added Paths</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="#trunktestsphpunittestsuserqueryCachephp">trunk/tests/phpunit/tests/user/queryCache.php</a></li>
</ul>

</div>
<div id="patch">
<h3>Diff</h3>
<a id="trunksrcwpincludesclasswpuserqueryphp"></a>
<div class="modfile"><h4 style="background-color: #eee; color: inherit; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1.3em; font-size: 115%">Modified: trunk/src/wp-includes/class-wp-user-query.php</h4>
<pre class="diff"><span>
<span class="info" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">--- trunk/src/wp-includes/class-wp-user-query.php     2023-04-18 08:35:11 UTC (rev 55656)
+++ trunk/src/wp-includes/class-wp-user-query.php       2023-04-18 11:48:46 UTC (rev 55657)
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                        'login'               => '',
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                        'login__in'           => array(),
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                        'login__not_in'       => array(),
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+                        'cache_results'       => true,
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                 );
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                return wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         * @since 5.1.0 Introduced the 'meta_compare_key' parameter.
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         * @since 5.3.0 Introduced the 'meta_type_key' parameter.
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         * @since 5.9.0 Added 'capability', 'capability__in', and 'capability__not_in' parameters.
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+         * @since 6.3.0 Added 'cache_results' parameter.
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">          *
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         * @global wpdb     $wpdb     WordPress database abstraction object.
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         * @global WP_Roles $wp_roles WordPress role management object.
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -254,6 +256,7 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         *                                                logins will be included in results. Default empty array.
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         *     @type string[]        $login__not_in       An array of logins to exclude. Users matching one of these
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         *                                                logins will not be included in results. Default empty array.
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+         *     @type bool            $cache_results       Whether to cache user information. Default true.
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">          * }
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         */
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">        public function prepare_query( $query = array() ) {
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -790,6 +793,11 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                $qv =& $this->query_vars;
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+                // Do not cache results if more than 3 fields are requested.
+               if ( is_array( $qv['fields'] ) && count( $qv['fields'] ) > 3 ) {
+                       $qv['cache_results'] = false;
+               }
+
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                 /**
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                 * Filters the users array before the query takes place.
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                 *
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -816,28 +824,47 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                {$this->query_orderby}
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                {$this->query_limit}
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                        ";
</span><del style="background-color: #fdd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">-
-                       if ( is_array( $qv['fields'] ) ) {
-                               $this->results = $wpdb->get_results( $this->request );
</del><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+                 $cache_value   = false;
+                       $cache_key     = $this->generate_cache_key( $qv, $this->request );
+                       $cache_group   = 'users-queries';
+                       if ( $qv['cache_results'] ) {
+                               $cache_value = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, $cache_group );
+                       }
+                       if ( false !== $cache_value ) {
+                               $this->results     = $cache_value['user_data'];
+                               $this->total_users = $cache_value['total_users'];
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                         } else {
</span><del style="background-color: #fdd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">-                                $this->results = $wpdb->get_col( $this->request );
-                       }
</del><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><del style="background-color: #fdd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">-                        if ( isset( $qv['count_total'] ) && $qv['count_total'] ) {
-                               /**
-                                * Filters SELECT FOUND_ROWS() query for the current WP_User_Query instance.
-                                *
-                                * @since 3.2.0
-                                * @since 5.1.0 Added the `$this` parameter.
-                                *
-                                * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
-                                *
-                                * @param string        $sql   The SELECT FOUND_ROWS() query for the current WP_User_Query.
-                                * @param WP_User_Query $query The current WP_User_Query instance.
-                                */
-                               $found_users_query = apply_filters( 'found_users_query', 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()', $this );
</del><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+                         if ( is_array( $qv['fields'] ) ) {
+                                       $this->results = $wpdb->get_results( $this->request );
+                               } else {
+                                       $this->results = $wpdb->get_col( $this->request );
+                               }
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><del style="background-color: #fdd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">-                                $this->total_users = (int) $wpdb->get_var( $found_users_query );
</del><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+                         if ( isset( $qv['count_total'] ) && $qv['count_total'] ) {
+                                       /**
+                                        * Filters SELECT FOUND_ROWS() query for the current WP_User_Query instance.
+                                        *
+                                        * @since 3.2.0
+                                        * @since 5.1.0 Added the `$this` parameter.
+                                        *
+                                        * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
+                                        *
+                                        * @param string        $sql   The SELECT FOUND_ROWS() query for the current WP_User_Query.
+                                        * @param WP_User_Query $query The current WP_User_Query instance.
+                                        */
+                                       $found_users_query = apply_filters( 'found_users_query', 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()', $this );
+
+                                       $this->total_users = (int) $wpdb->get_var( $found_users_query );
+                               }
+
+                               if ( $qv['cache_results'] ) {
+                                       $cache_value = array(
+                                               'user_data'   => $this->results,
+                                               'total_users' => $this->total_users,
+                                       );
+                                       wp_cache_add( $cache_key, $cache_value, $cache_group );
+                               }
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                         }
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                }
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -1011,6 +1038,54 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">        }
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">        /**
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+         * Generate cache key.
+        *
+        * @since 6.3.0
+        *
+        * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
+        *
+        * @param array  $args Query arguments.
+        * @param string $sql  SQL statement.
+        * @return string Cache key.
+        */
+       protected function generate_cache_key( array $args, $sql ) {
+               global $wpdb;
+
+               // Replace wpdb placeholder in the SQL statement used by the cache key.
+               $sql = $wpdb->remove_placeholder_escape( $sql );
+
+               $key          = md5( $sql );
+               $last_changed = wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'users' );
+
+               if ( empty( $args['orderby'] ) ) {
+                       // Default order is by 'user_login'.
+                       $ordersby = array( 'user_login' => '' );
+               } elseif ( is_array( $args['orderby'] ) ) {
+                       $ordersby = $args['orderby'];
+               } else {
+                       // 'orderby' values may be a comma- or space-separated list.
+                       $ordersby = preg_split( '/[,\s]+/', $args['orderby'] );
+               }
+
+               $blog_id = 0;
+               if ( isset( $args['blog_id'] ) ) {
+                       $blog_id = absint( $args['blog_id'] );
+               }
+               if ( ( $args['has_published_posts'] && $blog_id ) || in_array( 'post_count', $ordersby, true ) ) {
+                       $switch = get_current_blog_id() !== $blog_id;
+                       if ( $switch ) {
+                               switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
+                       }
+                       $last_changed .= wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'posts' );
+                       if ( $switch ) {
+                               restore_current_blog();
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return "get_users:$key:$last_changed";
+       }
+
+       /**
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">          * Parses an 'order' query variable and casts it to ASC or DESC as necessary.
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         *
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         * @since 4.2.0
</span></span></pre></div>
<a id="trunksrcwpincludesdefaultfiltersphp"></a>
<div class="modfile"><h4 style="background-color: #eee; color: inherit; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1.3em; font-size: 115%">Modified: trunk/src/wp-includes/default-filters.php</h4>
<pre class="diff"><span>
<span class="info" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">--- trunk/src/wp-includes/default-filters.php 2023-04-18 08:35:11 UTC (rev 55656)
+++ trunk/src/wp-includes/default-filters.php   2023-04-18 11:48:46 UTC (rev 55657)
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -115,6 +115,14 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> add_action( 'updated_post_meta', 'wp_cache_set_posts_last_changed' );
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> add_action( 'deleted_post_meta', 'wp_cache_set_posts_last_changed' );
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+// User meta.
+add_action( 'added_user_meta', 'wp_cache_set_users_last_changed' );
+add_action( 'updated_user_meta', 'wp_cache_set_users_last_changed' );
+add_action( 'deleted_user_meta', 'wp_cache_set_users_last_changed' );
+add_action( 'add_user_role', 'wp_cache_set_users_last_changed' );
+add_action( 'set_user_role', 'wp_cache_set_users_last_changed' );
+add_action( 'remove_user_role', 'wp_cache_set_users_last_changed' );
+
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> // Term meta.
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> add_action( 'added_term_meta', 'wp_cache_set_terms_last_changed' );
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> add_action( 'updated_term_meta', 'wp_cache_set_terms_last_changed' );
</span></span></pre></div>
<a id="trunksrcwpincludesloadphp"></a>
<div class="modfile"><h4 style="background-color: #eee; color: inherit; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1.3em; font-size: 115%">Modified: trunk/src/wp-includes/load.php</h4>
<pre class="diff"><span>
<span class="info" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">--- trunk/src/wp-includes/load.php    2023-04-18 08:35:11 UTC (rev 55656)
+++ trunk/src/wp-includes/load.php      2023-04-18 11:48:46 UTC (rev 55657)
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -776,6 +776,7 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                'usermeta',
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                'user_meta',
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                'userslugs',
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+                                'users-queries',
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                         )
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                );
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span></span></pre></div>
<a id="trunksrcwpincludesmsblogsphp"></a>
<div class="modfile"><h4 style="background-color: #eee; color: inherit; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1.3em; font-size: 115%">Modified: trunk/src/wp-includes/ms-blogs.php</h4>
<pre class="diff"><span>
<span class="info" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">--- trunk/src/wp-includes/ms-blogs.php        2023-04-18 08:35:11 UTC (rev 55656)
+++ trunk/src/wp-includes/ms-blogs.php  2023-04-18 11:48:46 UTC (rev 55657)
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -573,6 +573,7 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                                'usermeta',
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                                'user_meta',
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                                'userslugs',
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+                                                'users-queries',
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                         )
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                );
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                        }
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -666,6 +667,7 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                                'usermeta',
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                                'user_meta',
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                                'userslugs',
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+                                                'users-queries',
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                         )
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                );
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                        }
</span></span></pre></div>
<a id="trunksrcwpincludesmsfunctionsphp"></a>
<div class="modfile"><h4 style="background-color: #eee; color: inherit; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1.3em; font-size: 115%">Modified: trunk/src/wp-includes/ms-functions.php</h4>
<pre class="diff"><span>
<span class="info" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">--- trunk/src/wp-includes/ms-functions.php    2023-04-18 08:35:11 UTC (rev 55656)
+++ trunk/src/wp-includes/ms-functions.php      2023-04-18 11:48:46 UTC (rev 55657)
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -295,6 +295,7 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                }
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">        }
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+        clean_user_cache( $user_id );
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         restore_current_blog();
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">        return true;
</span></span></pre></div>
<a id="trunksrcwpincludesuserphp"></a>
<div class="modfile"><h4 style="background-color: #eee; color: inherit; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1.3em; font-size: 115%">Modified: trunk/src/wp-includes/user.php</h4>
<pre class="diff"><span>
<span class="info" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">--- trunk/src/wp-includes/user.php    2023-04-18 08:35:11 UTC (rev 55656)
+++ trunk/src/wp-includes/user.php      2023-04-18 11:48:46 UTC (rev 55657)
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -1907,6 +1907,7 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">        }
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">        wp_cache_delete( $user->ID, 'user_meta' );
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+        wp_cache_set_users_last_changed();
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">        /**
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">         * Fires immediately after the given user's cache is cleaned.
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -5016,3 +5017,12 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                )
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">        );
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> }
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+
+/**
+ * Sets the last changed time for the 'users' cache group.
+ *
+ * @since 6.3.0
+ */
+function wp_cache_set_users_last_changed() {
+       wp_cache_set( 'last_changed', microtime(), 'users' );
+}
</ins></span></pre></div>
<a id="trunktestsphpunitincludesabstracttestcasephp"></a>
<div class="modfile"><h4 style="background-color: #eee; color: inherit; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1.3em; font-size: 115%">Modified: trunk/tests/phpunit/includes/abstract-testcase.php</h4>
<pre class="diff"><span>
<span class="info" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">--- trunk/tests/phpunit/includes/abstract-testcase.php        2023-04-18 08:35:11 UTC (rev 55656)
+++ trunk/tests/phpunit/includes/abstract-testcase.php  2023-04-18 11:48:46 UTC (rev 55657)
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -412,6 +412,7 @@
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                'usermeta',
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                'user_meta',
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                                'userslugs',
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+                                'users-queries',
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                         )
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">                );
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px"> 
</span></span></pre></div>
<a id="trunktestsphpunittestsuserqueryCachephp"></a>
<div class="addfile"><h4 style="background-color: #eee; color: inherit; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1.3em; font-size: 115%">Added: trunk/tests/phpunit/tests/user/queryCache.php</h4>
<pre class="diff"><span>
<span class="info" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">--- trunk/tests/phpunit/tests/user/queryCache.php                             (rev 0)
+++ trunk/tests/phpunit/tests/user/queryCache.php       2023-04-18 11:48:46 UTC (rev 55657)
</span><span class="lines" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px; color: #888">@@ -0,0 +1,781 @@
</span><ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+<?php
+/**
+ * Test WP_User Query, in wp-includes/user.php
+ *
+ * @group user
+ *
+ * @coversDefaultClass WP_User_Query
+ */
+class Tests_User_Query_Cache extends WP_UnitTestCase {
+       /**
+        * @var int[]
+        */
+       protected static $author_ids;
+
+       /**
+        * @var int[]
+        */
+       protected static $sub_ids;
+
+       /**
+        * @var int[]
+        */
+       protected static $editor_ids;
+
+       /**
+        * @var int[]
+        */
+       protected static $contrib_id;
+
+       /**
+        * @var int[]
+        */
+       protected static $admin_ids;
+
+       /**
+        * @var int[]
+        */
+       protected $user_id;
+
+       public static function wpSetUpBeforeClass( WP_UnitTest_Factory $factory ) {
+               self::$author_ids = $factory->user->create_many(
+                       4,
+                       array(
+                               'role' => 'author',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               self::$sub_ids = $factory->user->create_many(
+                       2,
+                       array(
+                               'role' => 'subscriber',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               self::$editor_ids = $factory->user->create_many(
+                       3,
+                       array(
+                               'role' => 'editor',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               self::$contrib_id = $factory->user->create(
+                       array(
+                               'role' => 'contributor',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               self::$admin_ids = $factory->user->create_many(
+                       2,
+                       array(
+                               'role' => 'administrator',
+                       )
+               );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache_different_count() {
+               $args = array(
+                       'count_total' => true,
+               );
+
+               $query1       = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $users1       = wp_list_pluck( $query1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $users_total1 = $query1->get_total();
+
+               $queries_before = get_num_queries();
+
+               $args = array(
+                       'count_total' => false,
+               );
+
+               $query2        = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $users2        = wp_list_pluck( $query2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $users_total2  = $query2->get_total();
+               $queries_after = get_num_queries();
+
+               $this->assertNotSame( $queries_before, $queries_after, 'Assert that the number of queries is not equal' );
+               $this->assertNotSame( $users_total1, $users_total2, 'Assert that totals do not match' );
+               $this->assertSameSets( $users1, $users2, 'Results of the query are expected to match.' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache_results() {
+               $args = array(
+                       'cache_results' => true,
+               );
+
+               $query1 = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $users1 = wp_list_pluck( $query1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+
+               $queries_before = get_num_queries();
+
+               $args = array(
+                       'cache_results' => false,
+               );
+
+               $query2        = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $users2        = wp_list_pluck( $query2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $queries_after = get_num_queries();
+
+               $this->assertNotSame( $queries_before, $queries_after, 'Assert that queries are run' );
+               $this->assertSameSets( $users1, $users2, 'Results of the query are expected to match.' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        * @expectedDeprecated WP_User_Query
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache_who() {
+               $args = array(
+                       'who'    => 'authors',
+                       'fields' => array( 'ID' ),
+               );
+
+               $query1       = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $users1       = $query1->get_results();
+               $users_total1 = $query1->get_total();
+
+               $queries_before = get_num_queries();
+               $query2         = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $users2         = $query2->get_results();
+               $users_total2   = $query2->get_total();
+               $queries_after  = get_num_queries();
+
+               $this->assertSame( $queries_before, $queries_after, 'No queries are expected run.' );
+               $this->assertSame( $users_total1, $users_total2, 'Number of users returned us expected to match.' );
+               $this->assertSameSets( $users1, $users2, 'Results of the query are expected to match.' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        * @dataProvider data_query_cache
+        * @param array $args Optional. See WP_User_Query::prepare_query()
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache( array $args ) {
+               $query1       = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $users1       = $query1->get_results();
+               $users_total1 = $query1->get_total();
+
+               $queries_before = get_num_queries();
+               $query2         = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $users2         = $query2->get_results();
+               $users_total2   = $query2->get_total();
+               $queries_after  = get_num_queries();
+
+               $this->assertSame( 0, $queries_after - $queries_before, 'Assert that no queries are run' );
+               $this->assertSame( $users_total1, $users_total2, 'Assert that totals do match' );
+               $this->assertSameSets( $users1, $users2, 'Asset that results of query match' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Data provider
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       public function data_query_cache() {
+               $data = array(
+                       'id'                    => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'id' ) ),
+
+                       ),
+                       'ID'                    => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'ID' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'user_login'            => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'user_login' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'user_nicename'         => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'user_nicename' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'user_email'            => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'user_email' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'user_url'              => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'user_url' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'user_status'           => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'user_status' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'display_name'          => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'display_name' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'invalid_field'         => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'invalid_field' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'valid array inc id'    => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'display_name', 'user_email', 'id' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'valid array inc ID'    => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'display_name', 'user_email', 'ID' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'partly valid array'    => array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'display_name', 'invalid_field' ) ),
+                       ),
+                       'orderby'               => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+                                       'fields'  => array( 'ID' ),
+                                       'orderby' => array( 'login', 'nicename' ),
+                               ),
+                       ),
+                       'meta query'            => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+                                       'fields'     => array( 'ID' ),
+                                       'meta_query' => array(
+                                               'foo_key' => array(
+                                                       'key'     => 'foo',
+                                                       'compare' => 'EXISTS',
+                                               ),
+                                       ),
+                                       'orderby'    => 'foo_key',
+                                       'order'      => 'DESC',
+                               ),
+                       ),
+                       'meta query LIKE'       => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+                                       'fields'     => array( 'ID' ),
+                                       'meta_query' => array(
+                                               array(
+                                                       'key'     => 'foo',
+                                                       'value'   => '00',
+                                                       'compare' => 'LIKE',
+                                               ),
+                                       ),
+                                       'orderby'    => 'foo_key',
+                                       'order'      => 'DESC',
+                               ),
+                       ),
+                       'published posts'       => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+                                       'has_published_posts' => true,
+                                       'fields'              => array( 'ID' ),
+                               ),
+                       ),
+                       'published posts order' => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+                                       'orderby' => 'post_count',
+                                       'fields'  => array( 'ID' ),
+                               ),
+                       ),
+                       'published count_total' => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+
+                                       'count_total' => false,
+                                       'fields'      => array( 'ID' ),
+                               ),
+                       ),
+                       'capability'            => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+                                       'capability' => 'install_plugins',
+                                       'fields'     => array( 'ID' ),
+                               ),
+                       ),
+                       'include'               => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+                                       'includes' => self::$author_ids,
+                                       'fields'   => array( 'ID' ),
+                               ),
+                       ),
+                       'exclude'               => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+                                       'exclude' => self::$author_ids,
+                                       'fields'  => array( 'ID' ),
+                               ),
+                       ),
+                       'search'                => array(
+                               'args' => array(
+                                       'search' => 'User',
+                                       'fields' => array( 'ID' ),
+                               ),
+                       ),
+               );
+
+               if ( is_multisite() ) {
+                       $data['spam']    = array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'spam' ) ),
+                       );
+                       $data['deleted'] = array(
+                               'args' => array( 'fields' => array( 'deleted' ) ),
+                       );
+               }
+
+               return $data;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache_remove_user_role() {
+               $user_id = self::factory()->user->create( array( 'role' => 'author' ) );
+
+               $q1 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'role' => 'author',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+
+               $this->assertContains( $user_id, $found, 'Expected to find author in returned values.' );
+
+               $user = get_user_by( 'id', $user_id );
+               $user->remove_role( 'author' );
+
+               $q2 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'role' => 'author',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $this->assertNotContains( $user_id, $found, 'Expected not to find author in returned values.' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache_set_user_role() {
+               $user_id = self::factory()->user->create( array( 'role' => 'author' ) );
+
+               $q1 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'role' => 'author',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+
+               $this->assertContains( $user_id, $found, 'Expected to find author in returned values.' );
+
+               $user = get_user_by( 'id', $user_id );
+               $user->set_role( 'editor' );
+
+               $q2 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'role' => 'author',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $this->assertNotContains( $user_id, $found, 'Expected not to find author in returned values.' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache_delete_user() {
+               $user_id = self::factory()->user->create();
+
+               $q1 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'include' => array( $user_id ),
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found    = wp_list_pluck( $q1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $expected = array( $user_id );
+
+               $this->assertSameSets( $expected, $found, 'Find author in returned values' );
+
+               wp_delete_user( $user_id );
+
+               $q2 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'include' => array( $user_id ),
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $this->assertNotContains( $user_id, $found, 'Expected not to find author in returned values.' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache_do_not_cache() {
+               $user_id = self::factory()->user->create();
+
+               $args = array(
+                       'fields'  => array(
+                               'user_login',
+                               'user_nicename',
+                               'user_email',
+                               'user_url',
+                               'user_status',
+                               'display_name',
+                       ),
+                       'include' => array( $user_id ),
+               );
+
+               $q1       = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $found1   = $q1->get_results();
+               $callback = static function( $user ) {
+                       return (array) $user;
+               };
+
+               $found1 = array_map( $callback, $found1 );
+
+               $queries_before = get_num_queries();
+               $q2             = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+               $found2         = $q2->get_results();
+               $found2         = array_map( $callback, $found2 );
+               $queries_after  = get_num_queries();
+
+               $this->assertSame( $queries_after - $queries_before, 2, 'Ensure that query is not cached' );
+               $this->assertSameSets( $found1, $found2, 'Expected results to match.', 'Ensure that to results match' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache_update_user() {
+               $user_id = end( self::$admin_ids );
+
+               wp_update_user(
+                       array(
+                               'ID'            => $user_id,
+                               'user_nicename' => 'paul',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $args = array(
+                       'nicename__in' => array( 'paul' ),
+               );
+
+               $q1 = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+
+               $found    = wp_list_pluck( $q1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $expected = array( $user_id );
+
+               $this->assertSameSets( $expected, $found, 'Find author in returned values' );
+
+               wp_update_user(
+                       array(
+                               'ID'            => $user_id,
+                               'user_nicename' => 'linda',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $q2 = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $this->assertNotContains( $user_id, $found, 'Expected not to find author in returned values.' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_query_cache_create_user() {
+               $user_id = end( self::$admin_ids );
+
+               $args = array( 'blog_id' => get_current_blog_id() );
+
+               $q1 = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+
+               $this->assertContains( $user_id, $found, 'Expected to find author in returned values.' );
+
+               $user_id_2 = self::factory()->user->create();
+
+               $q2 = new WP_User_Query( $args );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $this->assertContains( $user_id_2, $found, 'Find author in returned values' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_has_published_posts_delete_post() {
+               register_post_type( 'wptests_pt_public', array( 'public' => true ) );
+
+               $post_id = self::factory()->post->create(
+                       array(
+                               'post_author' => self::$author_ids[2],
+                               'post_status' => 'publish',
+                               'post_type'   => 'wptests_pt_public',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $q1 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'has_published_posts' => true,
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found    = wp_list_pluck( $q1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $expected = array( self::$author_ids[2] );
+
+               $this->assertSameSets( $expected, $found, 'Find author in returned values' );
+
+               wp_delete_post( $post_id, true );
+
+               $q2 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'has_published_posts' => true,
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $this->assertSameSets( array(), $found, 'Not to find author in returned values' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_has_published_posts_delete_post_order() {
+               register_post_type( 'wptests_pt_public', array( 'public' => true ) );
+
+               $user_id = self::factory()->user->create();
+
+               $post_id = self::factory()->post->create(
+                       array(
+                               'post_author' => $user_id,
+                               'post_status' => 'publish',
+                               'post_type'   => 'wptests_pt_public',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $q1 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'orderby' => 'post_count',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found1 = wp_list_pluck( $q1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $this->assertContains( $user_id, $found1, 'Find author in returned values in first run of WP_User_Query' );
+
+               wp_delete_post( $post_id, true );
+
+               $q2 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'orderby' => 'post_count',
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found2 = wp_list_pluck( $q2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $this->assertContains( $user_id, $found1, 'Find author in returned values in second run of WP_User_Query' );
+               $this->assertSameSets( $found1, $found2, 'Not same order' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_meta_query_cache_invalidation() {
+               add_user_meta( self::$author_ids[0], 'foo', 'bar' );
+               add_user_meta( self::$author_ids[1], 'foo', 'bar' );
+
+               $q1 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'meta_query' => array(
+                                       array(
+                                               'key'   => 'foo',
+                                               'value' => 'bar',
+                                       ),
+                               ),
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found    = wp_list_pluck( $q1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $expected = array( self::$author_ids[0], self::$author_ids[1] );
+
+               $this->assertSameSets( $expected, $found, 'Asset that results contain authors' );
+
+               delete_user_meta( self::$author_ids[1], 'foo' );
+
+               $q2 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'meta_query' => array(
+                                       array(
+                                               'key'   => 'foo',
+                                               'value' => 'bar',
+                                       ),
+                               ),
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found    = wp_list_pluck( $q2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $expected = array( self::$author_ids[0] );
+
+               $this->assertSameSets( $expected, $found, 'Asset that results do not contain author without meta' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @group ms-required
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_get_single_capability_multisite_blog_id() {
+               $blog_id = self::factory()->blog->create();
+
+               add_user_to_blog( $blog_id, self::$author_ids[0], 'subscriber' );
+               add_user_to_blog( $blog_id, self::$author_ids[1], 'author' );
+               add_user_to_blog( $blog_id, self::$author_ids[2], 'editor' );
+
+               $q1 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'capability' => 'publish_posts',
+                               'blog_id'    => $blog_id,
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q1->get_results(), 'ID' );
+
+               $this->assertNotContains( self::$author_ids[0], $found, 'Asset that results do not contain author 0 without capability on site on first run' );
+               $this->assertContains( self::$author_ids[1], $found, 'Asset that results do contain author with capability on site on first run' );
+               $this->assertContains( self::$author_ids[2], $found, 'Asset that results do contain author with capability on site on first run' );
+
+               remove_user_from_blog( self::$author_ids[2], $blog_id );
+
+               $q2 = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'capability' => 'publish_posts',
+                               'blog_id'    => $blog_id,
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q2->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $this->assertNotContains( self::$author_ids[0], $found, 'Asset that results do not contain author 0 without capability on site on second run' );
+               $this->assertContains( self::$author_ids[1], $found, 'Asset that results do contain author with capability on site on second run' );
+               $this->assertNotContains( self::$author_ids[2], $found, 'Asset that results do not contain author 1 without capability on site on second run' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @group ms-required
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_query_should_respect_blog_id() {
+               $blogs = self::factory()->blog->create_many( 2 );
+
+               add_user_to_blog( $blogs[0], self::$author_ids[0], 'author' );
+               add_user_to_blog( $blogs[0], self::$author_ids[1], 'author' );
+               add_user_to_blog( $blogs[1], self::$author_ids[0], 'author' );
+               add_user_to_blog( $blogs[1], self::$author_ids[1], 'author' );
+               add_user_to_blog( $blogs[1], self::$author_ids[2], 'author' );
+
+               $q = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'fields'  => 'ids',
+                               'blog_id' => $blogs[0],
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $expected = array( (string) self::$author_ids[0], (string) self::$author_ids[1] );
+
+               $this->assertSameSets( $expected, $q->get_results(), 'Asset that expected users return' );
+
+               $q = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'fields'  => 'ids',
+                               'blog_id' => $blogs[1],
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $expected = array( (string) self::$author_ids[0], (string) self::$author_ids[1], (string) self::$author_ids[2] );
+
+               $this->assertSameSets( $expected, $q->get_results(), 'Asset that expected users return from different blog' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @ticket 40613
+        * @group ms-required
+        * @covers ::query
+        */
+       public function test_has_published_posts_should_respect_blog_id() {
+               $blogs = self::factory()->blog->create_many( 2 );
+
+               add_user_to_blog( $blogs[0], self::$author_ids[0], 'author' );
+               add_user_to_blog( $blogs[0], self::$author_ids[1], 'author' );
+               add_user_to_blog( $blogs[1], self::$author_ids[0], 'author' );
+               add_user_to_blog( $blogs[1], self::$author_ids[1], 'author' );
+
+               switch_to_blog( $blogs[0] );
+               self::factory()->post->create(
+                       array(
+                               'post_author' => self::$author_ids[0],
+                               'post_status' => 'publish',
+                               'post_type'   => 'post',
+                       )
+               );
+               restore_current_blog();
+
+               switch_to_blog( $blogs[1] );
+               $post_id = self::factory()->post->create(
+                       array(
+                               'post_author' => self::$author_ids[1],
+                               'post_status' => 'publish',
+                               'post_type'   => 'post',
+                       )
+               );
+               restore_current_blog();
+
+               $q = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'has_published_posts' => array( 'post' ),
+                               'blog_id'             => $blogs[1],
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found    = wp_list_pluck( $q->get_results(), 'ID' );
+               $expected = array( self::$author_ids[1] );
+
+               $this->assertSameSets( $expected, $found, 'Asset that expected users returned with posts on this site' );
+               switch_to_blog( $blogs[1] );
+               wp_delete_post( $post_id, true );
+               restore_current_blog();
+
+               $q = new WP_User_Query(
+                       array(
+                               'has_published_posts' => array( 'post' ),
+                               'blog_id'             => $blogs[1],
+                       )
+               );
+
+               $found = wp_list_pluck( $q->get_results(), 'ID' );
+
+               $this->assertSameSets( array(), $found, 'Asset that no users returned with posts on this site as posts have been deleted' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Ensure cache keys are generated without WPDB placeholders.
+        *
+        * @ticket 40613
+        *
+        * @covers ::generate_cache_key
+        */
+       public function test_generate_cache_key_placeholder() {
+               global $wpdb;
+               $query1 = new WP_User_Query( array( 'capability' => 'edit_posts' ) );
+
+               $query_vars                  = $query1->query_vars;
+               $request_with_placeholder    = $query1->request;
+               $request_without_placeholder = $wpdb->remove_placeholder_escape( $query1->request );
+
+               $reflection = new ReflectionMethod( $query1, 'generate_cache_key' );
+               $reflection->setAccessible( true );
+
+               $cache_key_1 = $reflection->invoke( $query1, $query_vars, $request_with_placeholder );
+               $cache_key_2 = $reflection->invoke( $query1, $query_vars, $request_without_placeholder );
+
+               $this->assertSame( $cache_key_1, $cache_key_2, 'Cache key differs when using wpdb placeholder.' );
+       }
+}
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">Property changes on: trunk/tests/phpunit/tests/user/queryCache.php
</span><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">___________________________________________________________________
</span></span></pre></div>
<a id="svneolstyle"></a>
<div class="addfile"><h4 style="background-color: #eee; color: inherit; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1.3em; font-size: 115%">Added: svn:eol-style</h4></div>
<ins style="background-color: #dfd; text-decoration:none; display:block; padding: 0 10px">+native
</ins><span class="cx" style="display: block; padding: 0 10px">\ No newline at end of property
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